Intellectual Property Questions

1. What is intellectual property and is it the same as copyright?

Intellectual property and copyright are similar, but not the same: intellectual property is something that results from original and creative thought and copyright is applied automatically to any materials created, though it does not protect ideas or information.

2. How would you register your design for copyright and how much would it cost?

Under Australian law, there is no registration of copyright. Copyright rights come into existence at the same time as someone creates something which is a type of material that copyright protects. There are no fees to pay for copyright protection.

3. I have an idea about a logo design, is it covered by copyright?

No. Copyright does not protect ideas, concepts, styles, techniques or information.

4. What is the name of the federal legislation covering copyright law in Australia?

Copyright Act 1968 (cth).

5. What does Copyright protect?

Textual material such as journal articles, novels and poems; computer programs; compilations such as directories and databases; artistic works such as paintings and drawings; dramatic works such as choreography and mime pieces; musical works (the music itself, separate from the lyrics and recording); cinematograph films; sound recordings; broadcasts; published editions.

6. What is the Copyright notice and its purpose?

The copyright notice is the symbol (the letter ‘c’ within a circle) followed by the name of the copyright owner and year of first publication. It does not need to be on something to ensure that it is protected by copyright in Australia or in most other countries, but it does remind people that the work may be protected. It also lets people know who is claiming copyright.

7. What evidence could you provide to a court to prove you’re the copyright owner of a logo you’ve designed?

You could provide concept sketches that you’ve created, or you can have somebody verify that the logo is yours if they have witnessed your design progress.

8. If an artwork appears in an Art Gallery, does the Gallery own copyright for that item?

No, the gallery does not own copyright. The Copyright Act states that the first owner of copyright is the creator of the work.

9. If I’m employed by a company as their in-house graphic designer, who would generally own the copyright?

The company generally owns the copyright, but you can get written permission to use your work for self-promotion.

10. If I’m working as a freelance Graphic Designer and create a logo for a company, who would generally own the copyright for the logo?

You would because you’re working for yourself.

11. How much of an artistic work can I safely use without infringing on copyright?

If you have taken a small part of an artistic work and then changed or added to it, it could still infringe on copyright and may not be allowed by the copyright owner without permission. Generally though, if it is not an important, essential or distinctive part of the artwork you’re using, you may be allowed to claim it as your own work.

12. If you’ve done everything in your power to identify the copyright owner but they won’t contact you back, is it ok to use the work without permission as long as you use a ‘good faith notice’ stating you were unable to contact them?

Using a ‘good faith notices’ or statement saying that you were unable to contact the copyright owner does not alter your legal liability for infringement.

13. Who is VISCOPY and what might they come in handy for?

VISCOPY is the visual arts copyright collecting society. VISCOPY can provide you with a licence to reproduce works of arts from Australia and overseas. They can also provide you with an artist’s details so you are able to get into contact with them yourself. VISCOPY would come in handy for publishing an artwork in a book or displaying a piece in a gallery or exhibition.

14. What are moral rights?

Moral rights are given to individual creators whether they own copyright or not. Moral rights give the creator rights to;

be attributed as the creator of their work; take action if their work is falsely attributed as being someone else’s work or is altered by someone else but attributed as if it were unaltered; and take action if their work is distorted or treated in a way that is prejudicial to their honour or reputation.

15. How would you go about obtaining copyright clearance for an artwork you want to use that you’ve found on the internet?

Clearing copyright is another name for obtaining a licence which grants you permission to use copyright material. This process is subject to conditions, such as a payment of a fee. The moral rights of the artist also need to be taken into account. You may need to obtain a written consent from the artist, separate from any arrangement with the copyright owner, if you want to do something with the artwork that will infringe the artist’s moral rights.

16. What is a Trademark and how do you register one?

A trademark can be a name or logo (and in some cases a colour, sound or smell) used as an identifier for a business or individual. To register a trademark you need to visit IP Australia (http://www.ipaustralia.gov.au).

17. What does a Patent protect?

A Patent protects inventions, including processes, methods and techniques.

18. Define Defamation.

Defamation is the false or unjustified injury of a person’s good reputation. The law of defamation protects people’s reputations, and concerns the way you speak about or refer to people and how you use their images.

Soap Creative, William Caslon and Giambattista Bodoni

Soap Creative

Soap describe themselves as specializing in delivery innovative, hight creative ad strategy-focused campaigns across websites, games, content, social media, widgets, electronic direct mail, standard and rich media, viral and metrics and reporting.

Soap creative have clients that include Unilever brands LYNX, Streets, Bushells, Impulse as well as 3 Mobile, FOXTEL, 20th Century Fox, Activision and Marvel.

You could say that soap has a work hard play hard culture, their claim to fame is that they host weekly BBQs, take their entire team to remote locations for Skiing lessons. Each ember has a soap-o-hero alter ego which they get to choose and illustrate them and place on their business card. They say this is great for client meetings and pitches as it sets them apart from other agencies, it also creates a 'tribe" and creates unity among the staff. The culture of the soap-o-hero is extended through the office where they have different meeting rooms " the hall of justice", emergency meeting room " the scape pod" and mystery room "x".

Big gamers and at the moment have three active gaming clients activision, unilever and naughty dog.

This agency is absolutely amazing!

Soap Creative has had many clients over their nine years of business, including a vast collection of widely recognised companies such as 20^th Century Fox, ABC New Media, Activision, Ben & Jerry’s, Dick Smith, Foxtel, KFC, Lynx and Marvel.

Soap Creative offer services in screen-based media such as websites, mobile phone applications, tools and games (including online and CD-Rom). This agency has also created tshirt prints for Bubble-O Bill, and a card game called the Meeting Game.

Their work is very clean and professional its very groovy and all the content that I have viewed has all been very awesome, I never felt negative when interacting or viewing the content it was very attention catching and fun.

The lynx content was a bit sexist however it is targeted towards men and sex does sell as there statistics show, I wasn’t offended it just didn’t hold my attention as the rest did.

They have many notorious clients and deal with a broad medium from games to videos and websites that are all targeted towards a variety of audiences.

William Caslon

Career:

In 1716 he built his own type foundary in London, which produced some 16 years later his most famous typeface Caslon. He first started out in his business as an engraver of gunlocks and barrels and as a bookbinders tool cutter. He later established contact and encouragement through the printers William Bowyer and John Watts that lead to cutting type punches for various presses London.

In 1720 he designed an “English Arabic” typeface used in the New Testament. Soon after in 1722 he released his first typefaces, which were based on seventeenth century Dutch old style designs and were used extensively in England because of their practicality. 1726 was when the typeface Caslon was first used and soon after it’s release he received loans and sufficient trade, which enabled him to complete the setup of his foundary. Up until the 1780’s there were few books that weren’t printed in one of his typefaces.

In 1735 his typefaces spread all over Europe and American colonies that lead to the font being used to print the American Declaration of Independence. His son William Caslon II soon joined the company and in 1745 became partner and took over the family business after his death.

Achievements:

William Caslon designed a number of serif typefaces in his lifetime, some of which are still used today. The first three fonts by William Caslon were Arabic, Hebrew and Koptic. He also designed typefaces such as Caslon 540, Caslon Bold, Caslon Old Face, Big Caslon, Caslon Open Face, Williams Caslon Text and most likely in any other that has the name ‘Caslon’ on it.

The United States Declaration of Independence was set in Caslon type, which would have to be one of William Caslon’s greatest accomplishments.

The name ‘Caslon’ comes from the 18^th Century typeface that was designed by William Caslon. This serif typeface was printed in the earliest English language texts and is also know to the typeface used for the New Yorker Magazine.

William Caslon’s typefaces immediately became popular and were used for many important printed works. Caslon’s type became so popular that the expression about the typeface choice, ‘when in doubt, use Caslon,’ came about.After William Caslon’s death in 1766, his typefaces fell out of favour but were revived in the 1840s, some of which are widely used today.

Biography:

William Caslon was born in 1692 in cradley, Worcestershire, England. In 1706 at the age of 13 he began a seven-year apprenticeship as an engraver with a London harness marker. In 1716 he became a self-employed engraver of gunlocks and barrels, and as a bookbinders tool cutter. In 1721 the society for promoting Christian knowledge commissioned Caslon to cast Arabic alphabets where his font became an instant success. In around 1720 William Caslon founded a typeface foundry called the Caslon Foundry. That foundry became the leading English typeface foundry of the 18^th and early 19^th centuries. He died in 1766. Caslon is cited as the first original typeface of English origin.

Caslon’s font is characterized by its short ascenders and decenders, bracketed serifs, moderately high contrast, robust texture and moderate modulation of stroke. The Caslon’s typeface has become one of the most famous typefaces in the world today. The first copy of the declaration of independence was printed in Caslon. There are many typefaces that have been derived from Caslon’s font in existence. Caslon’s type is now considered a good, readable typeface for text.

Giambattista Bodoni

Giabattista was known as an engraver, type designer, typographer, printer and publisher. By 1780s Giabattista designed a typeface called BODONI and it has been regarded as to be one of the first modern typefaces. He moved on to making another 2 main innovations in type design: he gave a vertical alignment to the sloped swellings in the bowls of the letters that derive from the down strokes in handwriting; he made all the horizontal serifs on the upper and lower parts of the letters very thin and uniform; and he increased the contrast between stems and serifs (Quoted-Art Encyclopedia- Grove Art, Oxford University Press). According to the Columbia Electronic encyclopedia Giabattista was regarded as one of the leaders in originating pseudoclassical typefaces.

At the age of 18, Giabattista moved to Rome and was employed as a typesetter at the Vatican's Propaganda Fide printing works; Giabattista had worked for the Vatican for almost 10 years. After battling Malaria, Bodoni was hired by the Duke Ferdinand of Bourbon - Parma to organise a printing house. This is where Bodoni got to work on a range of specimen books, which were very well received. Eventually Bodoni opened his own printing house called Officina Bodoni.

http://www.linotype.com/683/giambattistabodoni.html
http://www.media5live.com/Bodoni/bodonibio.htm#art
http://www.typeculture.com/academic_resource/articles_eassays/

From 1768 Bodoni ran a printing house called Stamperia Reale, in Parma, Italy. After a while doing this he opened his own printing house called Officina Bodoni.

Bodoni's Internet presence is minimal. There is not a lot of extensive information about his life: some can be found on wikipedia.com, linotype.com and other typography websites. His fonts can be downloaded from sites such as myfonts.com, fontshop.com, itcfonts.com and adobe.com.

Whilst working in the Vatican's Propaganda Fide printing house in Rome, Bodoni impressed his superiors with a willingness to learn, he had a mastery of ancient languages and types.

Bodoni achieved an unprecedented level of technical refinement, allowing him to faithfully reproduce letterforms with very thin "hairlines".

Bodoni designed and personally engraved 298 typefaces.

Bodoni did away with old style letters and introduced a new clear simple type - the modern typeface. In his influential Manuale Tipografico of 1818, he laid down the four principles of type design, which were: regularity of chracters, cleanness, good taste and charm.

His master piece was Homer's Iliad.

Bodoni was the most successful early proponent of what is referred to as the "modern" typeface, distinguished by a strong contrast between thin and thick strokes.

His coldly elegant books where made to be admired for the typeface and layout and not to be studied or read. (Proof reading was not his strong point).

• In his manuale tipografico (two volume works) contains about 142 roman alphabets, numerous script and exotic typefaces and a striking collection of flowers and ornaments.
• Bodoni emphasized the use of good paper and strong ink.

Although Bodoni is regarded as a "modern typeface", I feel that Bodoni would be more suited to that of a display font and used sparingly. Although in saying this a combination of his typeface and ornaments would create a very clean piece of artwork.

I admire the use of thin and thick strokes throughout his type as I feel that this gives the type a unique definition.

Formal yet fun with thick and thin strokes.

Bodoni has created a classic type face with letters very thin and uniform; and he increased the contrast between stems and serifs.

New Typeface

This is a preview of a typeface I started designing during the holidays and I've finished the upper and lower case plus numbers 0-9. All I need to work on now are the symbols :)

I've named this typeface 'Mascarpone' - I really have no clue as to why I named it after a cheese. I think it was just the shapes of the characters and after creating each one it just came to me.

Breaking the Rules of Type

The first David Carson inspired design.
I didn't think that this looked grungy or dirty enough so I played around with some selective colouring and added some more grungy brushes and texture over the type.

Neville Brody

Neville Brody was born on the 23rd of April, 1957 in London, England. He studied Graphic Design from 1977 to 1980 at London College of Printing, and at the Hornsey School of Art. His influences include 20th Century Avant-Garde design, and Russian Constructivists El Lissitzky and Alexander Rodchenko.

Neville Brody's online presence is very vast. Information about him and examples of his work are on many websites such as researchstudios.com (which he founded), designyatra.com and even on the Mac section of the Apple website. There are also interviews avaliable to watch online on vimeo.com. His vast collection of fonts, including Insignia and Blur, appear on many websites that are available for download or purchase, such as identifont.com, fontfont.com, fontshop.com, fonts.com, itcfonts.com and myfonts.com.

Neville Brody's work has been deemed uncommerical as his work often puts heavy heavy emphasis on safe and tested economic strategies as opposed to experimentation. During the punk rock fase in london he was almost thrown out of college for putting the Queen's head sideways on a postage stamp design, which beganhis design career of questioning the rules of society and design.

Brody largely made his nam through his revolutionary work as Art Director for the magazine "The Face" in 1980 when it was first published. He has pushed the boundaries of visual communication in all media thorugh his experimental and challenging works. He also designed (with others) the coporate identity for the House of World Cultures in Berlin. He was one of the founding members of Fontworks and there designed a number of notable typefaces. He also co-produced FUSE, which is a project that is a published collection of experimental typefaces and posters which challenge the boundaries between typography and graphic design.

He has published two books and have a combined sale of over 120000 copies and had over 40000 visitors at his exhibition in London before he started touring

David Carson

Born September 8th, 1952 in Corpus Christi, Texas, but moved to New York City four years later.

Carson was a high-school teacher before he was a graphic designer.

First actual contact with graphic design was made in 1980 at the University of Arizona on a two-week graphics course. He attended San Diego St. University as well as Oregon College of Commercial Art. Later on in 1983, Carson was working towards a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology when he went to Switzerland, where he attended a three-week workshop in graphic design as part of his degree.

Carson was also a professional surfer and in 1989 and qualified as the 8th best surfer in the world. His career as a surfer influenced his designs along with his various wolrd travels.

Famous for pushing the boundaries of design he is considered one of the most famous graphic designs on the planet (as described by creative review magazine). Carson is famous because he has influenced graphic design immensely through his use of type, approach and technique, which does not follow “traditional” graphic design standards. Many designers changed their methods and based their style from Carson’s work, which they consider “new” standards. He highly regarded for this but also through his use of combining photography and typographic elements, he manages to communicate both idea and feeling in his designs.

David started his own business called David Carson Inc and has agencies in Del Mar, California and Zurich Switzerland. He lectures all around the world. He is well known for his photography and graphic design pieces but has ranged out into other mediums e.g. directing commercials and videos. He has also written many Books including The end of print, which has been the best selling Graphic design book ever written to date and has appeared in over 180 magazines and newspaper articles. His website www.davidcarsondesign.com/ is very basic with no side links. This website is focussed primarily to focus on the body of the website and not the headings. Because he moves around a lot he needs to work in a mobile work studio.

David Carson utilises grungy typefaces mixed with imagery that when combined create a complex image. I feel that his work appeals more to the younger generations. His images, from a distance display more of a form than a function at first, it is only when a design is inspected closer that the form and function begin to even out. But after examining several of Carson's works I found one particular work that continued to show up. This particular work was a piece of typographical art which read 'Don't mistake legibility for communication'. This work clearly shows us how Carson feels about his work. He does not believe that the design must be simple and easy to read for the message or idea to be conveyed. He tries to draw people in closer to his works so that they can carefully extract the message themselves.

This idea has both pro's and con's. The pro's for this are that it draws people into the design so they can further examine it and get the message after looking at it for a period of time. The con's would be in the case of people simply walking by and glancing at the image. The design is far too complex for someone simply walking past to extract the idea.

W3Schools HTML Quiz Result.

WInter in Wagga Wagga Logo

body copy fonts

posters

typography

packages.

continental logo

here's the continental logo for everyone :)

designs for 'Soda'

PS3/Wii Cover Art

Here is the original art for my PS3 game, plus another colour variation.